Katalog Film Indonesia 1926-2005, JB Kristanto (Jakarta: Nalar, 2006).A to Z about Indonesian Film, Ekky Imanjaya (Bandung: Mizan, 2006).Many smaller independent cinemas also exist, such as Platinum, New Star, BES Cinema, Surya Yudha Cinema, and Dakota Cinema. In 1987, Australian filmmaker Graham Shirley assembled the remaining survivors to make yet another documentary about how both regimes had conspired to exploit the prisoners each for their own purposes. After the war, the film caused such a stir that The Netherlands Indies Film Unit rushed into production Nippon Presents which used some of the P.O.W.s from Calling Australia to expose that film as Japanese lies. Calling Australia was commissioned by the Imperial Japanese Army and depicted Japanese prisoner of war camps as if they were country clubs showing prisoners feasting on steak and beer, swimming, and playing sports. Huyung, married an Indonesian woman with whom he had two sons, and directed three films before his death in 1952, Between Sky and Earth (1951), Gladis Olah Raga (1951), and Bunga Rumar Makan (1952). After the war, Hae changed his name to Dr. Korean director Hae Yeong (aka Hinatsu Eitaro) was one such person who migrated to Java from Korea in 1945 where he made the controversial 'documentary' Calling Australia ( 豪州の呼び声, 1944). Japanese newsreels promoted such topics as conscripted 'romusha' labourers ( ロムシャの生活, 1944), voluntary enlistment into the imperial Japanese Army ( 南の願望, 1944), and Japanese language acquisition by Indonesian children ( ニッポン語競技会, 1944). Popular news serials such as News from the South and Berita Film di Djawa were produced here. The Jakarta branch was strategically placed at the extreme southern end of Japan's empire and soon became a centre of newsreel production in that region. The majority of films made in Indonesia under the Japanese were educational films and newsreels produced for audiences in Japan. Then the Office of Cultural Enlightenment ( 啓民文化指導所) headed by Ishimoto Tokichi appropriated facilities from all filmmaking organisations consolidating them into a single studio which became the Jakarta branch of The Japan Film Corporation ( 日本映画社) or Nichi'ei. The first thing the Japanese did was to halt all film production in Indonesia. After its genesis during the Dutch colonial era, the Indonesian film industry was coopted by the Japanese occupiers during the Second World War as a propaganda tool.
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